The study focuses first on the role of institutional systems acting to favor the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, with particular reference to the legislation in force in Italy and the countries of the European Economic Community.
The study shows the vagueness and repetitiveness of the lines of action adopted in the EEC countries; it points out that often the interventions provided by the complex community legislation referring to small and medium-sized enterprises are oriented towards a multiplicity of incompatible objectives. Based on an in-depth and accurate theoretical analysis, the study lays the foundations for establishing a definition of the concept of small and medium-sized enterprise that goes beyond the current “qualitative” or “dimensional-based” ones, which are more about common sense than scientific analysis.
The study offers a wide-ranging view of small and medium-sized enterprises, which allows for a detailed examination of the structural interactions between small-medium enterprises and large enterprises in different market configurations, leading to a theoretical study of this prevalent and vital production function (combination of factors of production).
Finally, the study highlights that explaining the concept of small and medium-sized enterprises (beyond straightforward definitions) represents a problem whose ongoing solution characterizes the current stage of advancement in economic analysis. IT
(cf. Preface by Paolo Savona, pp. 9-12)
Sviluppo della piccola e media imprese e assetti istituzionali con riferimento alla politica dei servizi e alle condizioni operative rispetto alla grande impresa
[Development of small and medium-sized enterprises and institutional settings with reference to the services policy and operating conditions in relation to large enterprises]
[Development of small and medium-sized enterprises and institutional settings with reference to the services policy and operating conditions in relation to large enterprises]
Presentazione, di Paolo Savona
[Preface by Paolo Savona]
PART I
Analisi dei sistemi istituzionali finalizzati allo sviluppo delle piccole e medie imprese attualmente vigenti in Italia e nei paesi Cee
[An analysis of institutional systems for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in Italy and EEC countries]
I. Le linee di politica economica nei paesi Cee a favore dello sviluppo e delle PMI
[Economic policy guidelines in the EEC countries to support development and SMEs]
1. L’incentivazione allo sviluppo delle piccole e medie imprese
[Incentive measures aimed at the development of small and medium-sized enterprises]
2. Il quadro generale dei sistemi nazionali di incentivazione
[A general overview of the countries’ incentive schemes]
3. Il sistema di incentivazione in Belgio
[Incentive scheme in Belgium]
3.1. Sovvenzione sugli interessi [Interest subsidy]
3.2. Contributo in conto capitale [Capital contribution]
3.3. Ammortamento accelerato [Accelerated amortization]
4. Il sistema di incentivazione in Danimarca
[Incentive scheme in Denmark]
4.1. Credito agevolato alle imprese [Subsidized credit to enterprises]
4.2. Contributo all’investimento [Investment aid]
4.3. Credito agevolato ai comuni [Credit facility for municipalities]
5. Il sistema di incentivazione in Francia
[Incentive scheme in France]
5.1. Contributo per lo sviluppo regionale [Contributions for regional development]
5.2. Contributo per la localizzazione di attività terziarie [Contributions for localization of tertiary activities]
5.3. Esenzione dall’imposta locale sugli affari [Exemption from local business tax]
5.4. Ammortamento speciale [Special amortization]
6. Il sistema di incentivazione in Germania (Rft)
[Incentive scheme in Germany (FRG)]
6.1. Assegnazione all’investimento (Investitionszulage) [Investment allowance]
6.2. Contributo all’investimento (Investitionzuschiss) [Investment grant]
6.3. Finanziamenti agevolati Erp [Subsidized loan Erp (European Recovery Plan)]
6.4. Ammortamento speciale [Special amortization]
7. Il sistema di incentivazione in Irlanda
[Incentive scheme in Ireland]
7.1. Contributi IDA in conto capitale [IDA (Industrial Development Authority) Capital contributions]
7.2. Agevolazione fiscale per l’esportazione [Tax relief for export]
8. Il sistema di incentivazione in Italia
[Incentive scheme in Italy]
8.1. Contributo in conto capitale [Capital contribution]
8.2. Contributo in conto interessi [Interest subsidy]
8.3. Sgravio degli oneri sociali [Relief from social security contributions]
8.4. Sgravi fiscali [Tax relief]
9. Il sistema di incentivazione in Lussemburgo
[Incentive scheme in Luxembourg]
9.1. Sovvenzioni sugli interessi o sul capitale [Interest or capital subsidy]
9.2. Sgravi fiscali [Tax relief]
10. Il sistema di incentivazione in Olanda
[Incentive scheme in Netherlands]
10.1. Premio all’investimento [Investment premium]
10.2. Contributo sul “conto investimenti” [Interest subsidy]
11. Il sistema di incentivazione nel Regno Unito
[Incentive scheme in United Kingdom]
11.1. Contributo allo sviluppo regionale [Contribution for regional development]
11.2. Assistenza finanziaria selettiva [Selective financial support]
11.3. Sovvenzioni per l’occupazione impiegatizia [Subsidies for clerical employment]
II. Problematiche concernenti gli incentivi allo sviluppo economico e il ruolo delle PMI
[Some issues relating to economic development incentives and the role of SMEs]
1. Ambiguità e ripetitività delle linee di intervento adottate nei paesi Cee
[Vagueness and repetitiveness of the lines of intervention adopted in the EEC countries]
2. Capitale sociale e crescita economica
[Capital stock (capitalization) and economic growth]
3. Capitale sociale endogeno remunerato e capitale sociale endogeno non remunerato
[Remunerated and non-remunerated endogenous capital stock]
4. Calcolo benefici-costi e accumulazione endogena indotta dal capitale sociale
[Cost-benefit computation and endogenous accumulation driven by capital stock]
5. Compatibilità tra gli obiettivi delle politiche di intervento e struttura del capitale sociale
[Compatibility between the objectives of the intervention policies and the capital structure]
PART II
Problematiche concernenti l’individuazione del concetto di piccola e media impresa
[Problems relating to the definition of the concept of small and medium-sized enterprises]
I. Le PMI e le strutture di mercato
[SMEs and market structures]
1. Premesse metodologiche a una esplicazione del concetto di PMI
[Methodological premises for an explication of the concept of SME]
2. Una analisi strutturale della relazione tra PMI e grande impresa
[A structural analysis of the relation between SMEs and large enterprises]
3. Le ipotesi teoriche di relazioni funzionali tra PMI e grande impresa
[Theoretical hypotheses of functional relations between SMEs and large enterprises]
4. I presupposti della esplicazione del concetto di PMI
[The assumptions of the explication of the concept of SME]
5. Le esplicazioni teoriche del concetto di PMI
[Theoretical explications of the concept of SME]
6. PMI e “interstizialità” di mercato
[SMEs and market “interstitial” positions]
7. I presupposti della esplicazione teorica del concetto di PMI
[The assumptions of the theoretical explication of the concept of SME]
8. Formalizzazione del concetto di PMI
[Formalization of the concept of SME]
II. Il concetto di rendimenti variabili di scala nella teoria economica
[The concept of variable returns to scale in economic theory]
1. Alcune considerazioni sul concetto di scala nella teoria economica
[Some remarks on the concept of scale in economic theory]
2. Il concetto di economie di scala nell’analisi di Marshall
[The concept of scale economies in Marshall’s analysis]
3. Prospettiva teorica e prospettiva empirica nell’analisi economica
[Theoretical perspective and empirical perspective in economic analysis]
4. Alcune precisazioni sul metodo della scienza economica
[Some points on the method of economic science]
5. I tentativi di “allargamento” del concetto teorico “ristretto” di scala
[Attempts to “extend” the “restricted” theoretical concept of scale]
6. Le determinanti non chiarite del concetto teorico tradizionale di scala
[Non-explained determining factors of the traditional theoretical concept of scale]
7. I due modelli esplicativi del concetto di scala finora proposti
[The two explicative models of the concept of scale proposed so far]
8. I postulati della continuità delle funzioni economiche e della perfetta divisibilità dei fattori
[The postulates of the continuity of economic functions and perfect divisibility of factors]
9. L’imperfetta divisibilità quale variabile indipendente fittizia dei rendimenti di scala: la critica di Chamberlain
[Imperfect divisibility as a fictitious independent variable of returns to scale: Chamberlain’s critique]
10. I limiti metodologici della analisi di Chamberlin: l’esigenza di ampliare in modo non tautologico l’ambito di significatività del discorso economico
[Methodological limitations of Chamberlain’s analysis: the need to extend in a non-tautological way the domain of application of the economic language]
III. I tentativi di “allargamento” su basi empiriche del concetto di rendimenti variabili di scala
[Attempts to “extend” the concept of variable returns to scale on an empirical basis]
1. L’impossibilità di isolare all’interno della teoria economica formalizzata variabili indipendenti rispetto alle modificazioni delle proporzioni tra i fattori
[The impossibility of isolating, within the formalized economic theory, independent variables of the changes in the proportions of factors]
2. I rendimenti variabili di scala nell’analisi di Boulding
[Boulding’s analysis of variable returns to scale]
3. La scala definita come livello pianificato della capacità produttiva
[The scale defined as the planned level of production capacity]
4. I vincoli del concetto di scala come livello pianificato della capacità produttiva
[The constraints of the concept of scale as a planned level of production capacity]
5. L’approccio empirico di Gold al concetto di scala e la teoria economica formalizzata
[Gold’s empirical approach to the concept of scale and the formalized economic theory]
6. Le linee esplicative del concetto di scala
[The ways of explicating the concept of scale]
7. I limiti della esplicazione del concetto di scala nella teoria economica formalizzata
[Explanatory limitations of the concept of scale within the formalized economic theory]
8. Le premesse critiche di Gold alla formalizzazione del concetto di scala
[Gold’s critical premises to the formalization of the concept of scale]
IV. Considerazioni conclusive sul concetto di PMI
[Concluding remarks on the concept of SME]
1. Una riconsiderazione dei fondamenti metodologici del discorso economico
[A reconsideration of the methodological foundations of economic discourse]
2. L’introduzione di nuovi predicati nel discorso economico e l’esigenza di modificare la forma della funzione di produzione
[The insertion of new predicates into the economic discourse and the need to change the shape of production function]
3. Il concetto di “adeguatezza delle sequenze operative del processo produttivo”
[The concept of “appropriateness of the production-process operations sequences”]
4. La ambiguità concettuale delle cosiddette determinanti del MES (“massima economia di scala”) e la distinzione tra rendimenti di scala e dimensione di impresa
[Conceptual ambiguity of the so-called determinants of MSE (maximum scale economy) and the distinction between returns to scale and enterprise size]
5. La determinazione analitica di un indice di adeguatezza delle sequenze operative e la modificazione della forma della funzione di produzione
[The analytic determination of an index of appropriateness for the operation sequences and the change of the shape of production function]
6. Sintesi dell’esplicazione del concetto di PMI con riferimento alle strutture di mercato e alla adeguatezza delle sequenze operative
[Summary of the explication of the concept of SME with reference to the market structures and the appropriateness of operation sequences]
7. L’incidenza del comportamento innovativo sulla combinazione produttiva: R&D e PMI
[The impact of innovative behavior on the production combination: R&D and SMEs]
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